Published Papers
Anderson, A. F.
|
Reliability in Electromagnetic Systems: The
role of electrical contact resistance in maintaining automobile speed
control system integrity. IET
Colloquium on Reliability in Electromagnetic Systems, 14-25 May
2007, Paris, France.
Abstract: Electromagnetic
systems depend upon the integrity of electrical connections. An
intermittent speed sensor connection is shown to generate a false speed
signal that may allow an automobile speed control system to engage at
low speed and cause a sudden acceleration. Preventive measures are
discussed. The current approach to controlling uncommanded sudden
accelerations seems to rely upon the driver braking against full engine
power to bring the vehicle to a halt. More effective and safer control
would be achieved by cutting off the fuel supply the moment that an
uncommanded wide open throttle condition was detected, thereby
preventing the sudden acceleration. PDF
Copies obtainable by clicking here
or from the author
by e-mail : antony.anderson@onyxnet.co.uk
|
Anderson, A. F.
|
Digital Speedometer Fluctuating Readings Diagnostic Engineering Sept/Oct
2006 pages 901-903
Abstract: An explanation of how intermittency in speed sensor
connections in the presence of vibration may generate a false speed
signal that the electronic speedometer will accept as valid.
Electrical contacts have the potential for causing all manner of
electronic mayhem beyond the example given here and should never be
taken for granted.
|
Tavner, P.J.,
Anderson A. F.
|
Core faults in large generators
IEE Proceedings - Electrical
Power Applications - November 2005 - Vol 152. Issue 6. p
1427-1439
Abstract:
A core fault is a
failure in the laminated core of a large electrical
machine. Such faults are relatively rare but when they
occur, the value of the machine and its importance mean
that the investigation of the failure assumes a high
priority. On many occasions the details of such failures assume
major commercial significance, therefore failure investigations have,
of necessity, to be handled in a confidential manner,
touching as they do on the design, manufacture, operation
and insurance of large electrical plant. There has
therefore been no published literature on core faults.
However, the scientific principles of the mechanisms at work
have been studied in considerable detail and papers published on
those principles in the international literature. This paper brings
together that literature and those scientific
principles, giving details of the underlying design,
constructional and operational factors which affect these faults.
New evidence is presented of the underlying factors which allow
core faults to initiate and grow. The paper will allow
engineers to analyse such faults, draw rational conclusions on the
causes for each occasion and devise suitable repair/rebuild strategies
applicable to that situation. Copies obtainable from the IEE
by subscription. Alternatively e-mail Antony Anderson and ask for a pdf file
|
| Anderson,
A. F. |
A chance encounter with William
Sturgeon
Electronics and Power February 1986
pp 129 - 131
What would the 18th century pioneers think of today's technology?
An exclusive interview with William Sturgeon (1783-1850) the inventor
of the electromagnet. Download PDF File
|
| Anderson,
A. F. |
William Henley : Imagination without
discipline
Electronics and Power August 1985
pp
593 - 597
William Henley (1813-1882), electrical instrument maker and cable
manufacturer, inventor and entrepreneur was a man of immense energy and
self confidence and played an important role in the early development
of the electrical engineering industry. We can learn a great deal from
him: especially how not to
run an engineering company.
|
| Anderson,
A. F. |
William Henley, pioneer electrical
instrument maker and cable manufacturer, 1813 to 1882
IEE Proceedings, Vol 132, Pt. A, No 4, July
1985 pp 249 - 261
Abstract: William
Henley provides a case history of a pioneer manufacturer of electrical
instruments and equipment, who expanded from instrument making into the
production and laying of submarine cables. At one time he employed 2000
men and owned three cable laying ships. By 1874 he had expanded his
firm beyond what one could manage and, when the recession came, he
failed. He had lived frugally, but instead of using some of the profits
to build up reserves, he spent heavily on expansion and borrowed
heavily. Henley is an object lesson to all inventor-entrepreneurs:
watch your cash flow and be prepared to delegate. His personal
management style did not adapt to the growth of the business and to the
need for sound administration. The firm had to be reconstituted without
him, and then W.T. Henley's Telegraph Works Ltd. recovered and enjoyed
subsequent success. [0ffprints of paper still available on request]
|
Le
Ny, R.
Guile, A .E.,
Anderson, A.
F. |
Mechanism of
"Meandering" Breakdown
of Insulation in an Electrical Machine. Proceedings of First
International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in
Solid
Dielectrics. Université Paul Sabatier TOULOUSE
-France July 4-8, 1983 Paper H9
p. 395-398.
Abstract:
In a previous paper, Anderson and Guile described an unusual
type of interlaminar insulation breakdown found in the stator core of
an electrical machine, which can lead to increased losses. The damage
revealed by scanning electron microscopy was compared with that caused
by arc discharges, but there were features of worm-like metallic
filaments which could not be explained. In the present paper,
comparison is made with atmospheric corrosion phenomenon of
electrochemical origin, which can occur if the relative humidity lies
within a critical range. In this "filoform" corrosion in metals covered
by protective films, wormlike filamentary corrosion can begin from such
points as inclusions or scattered hygroscopic salts, with the head of
the filament supplied with water from the surrounding air by osmotic
action due to the high concentration of dissolved ferrous ions. The
heterogenious oxygen diffusion in the head produces a
differential oxygen concentration cell which leads to the development
of filogorm corrosion. The active head with its blue-green colour
characteristic of ferrous ions is reflected if it strikes an inactive
tail of another filament (which appears as red-brown due to ferric
oxide). Since growing filaments cannot cross inactive tails, they can
become trapped and die as available space diminishes. SEM photographs
of metallic filaments on insulated laminations from a machine will be
shown, and it will be seen that, despite the differences in gas and
humidity involved in the two cases, there are significant similarities.
Discussion will be given of the similarities and differences between
the filoform corrosion and the interlaminar breakdown, so as to attempt
to improve understanding of the processes involved.
|
Platt,
R., Kerr, L.C.,
Anderson, A.
F. |
Measuring Flux and Interlaminar
Voltage in Turbine Generator End Regions. Int. Conf.
Electrical Machines - Design and Applications IEE
London 13-15 July 1982 p. 201-205.
Abstract:
This paper describes the general
approach to the measurement
of flux and interlaminar voltages in turbogenerator end
regions.Construction
and locations of typical search coils are shown. Some selected results
of measurements of interlaminar voltages in the end region are given
which
show typical values of 5v peak-to-peak at 50 Hz. The induced voltage in
a back-of-core search coil at the core end is shown to rise sharply
under
short circuit conditions, whereas in a similar coil well away from the
core end the voltage collapses. As far as is known, this paper records
the first occasion on which attempts were made to measure transient
back-of-core
flux leakage phenomena on a large electrical under sudden short
circuit
conditions. Download PDF File
|
Anderson,
A. F.,
Bedford, T.,
Craddock, A. F. |
Transient leakage flux in
small universal motors.
IEE PROC., Vol 128, Pt. B, No 5, September
1981 p. 254-254
Abstract: This
communication reports an investigation into the transient back-of-core
flux that arises in a small universal motor. A substantial leakage flux
has been shown to exist under starting conditions which is caused by
excess field ampere turns saturating the core and forcing the flux into
the back of core region. Download PDF File 550
kB
|
Bailey,
M.R.,
Bumby, J.R.,
Hassall,
B.I.,
Anderson, A.F. |
Magnetic fields and inductances of
helical windings with 120 degree phasebands Electrical
Machines and Electromechanics 6: 323-335 Hemisphere Publishing
Corporation. 1981.
Abstract: In the
development of superconducting a.c. generators the essential air-cored
nature of the generator, and the larte power output per unit length,
suggests that conventional armature windings may not necessarily be the
most suitable. One possible alternative is the helical armature
winding and has been proposed both as a means of obtaining a uniformly
supported armature structure and for generating at transmission line
voltages. This paper discusses the peculiarities of helical windings,
and in particular those with 60 degree and 120 degree phase-bands.
Magnetic field and indusctance measurements are made on a three phase
model with a phase spread of 120 degrees and compared with calculated
values using a previously published theory. Computed and measured
values of synchronous inductance agree to within 1%.
|
| Anderson,
A. F. |
Contribution to discussion on
Variable-speed switched-reluctance motor systems before IEE
Power Divison Professional Groups p1
and P6 8th December 1980 IEE Proc., Vol 128, Pt B, No 5 September 1981
p
265. |
Anderson, A,
F.,
Bumby, J. R.,
Hassall, B. I. |
Analysis of helical armature
windings with particular reference to superconducting a.c. generators
IEE Proc., Vol 127, Pt c, No 3, May 1980 pp 129 - 144
Abstract: An
unusual form of helical polyphase armature winding is described in
which conductors lie on a helix of constant radius as they pass from
one end of the machine to the other. There are no end windings. An
analysis of the winding is performed which allows analytical expression
for the flux densities and machine reactances to be found. Measured and
calculated values of synchronous reactance agree to within 2%. Some of
the more unusual properties of helical windings are discussed. See Helical Winding Download PDF File of Paper
|
| Anderson
A. F., Steel, J.G, Reece,
A. J. B., Carpenter C.J., Preston. T. W., Phemister, T.G., Smith,
R., Hammond, P., Jackson, R. J., Tavner, P.J., Penman, J.,
Stoll, R.L., Lorch, H.O., Howe, D. |
Contributions
to 'Discussion on
Interlamination voltages in large Turbine Generators
and Influence of winding design on
the axial flux in laminated-stator cores and Examination of flux
distribution in segmented stator cores' IEE PROC, Vol
127, Pt. C. No2 March
1980 p 114-115. |
Anderson,
A. F.,
Guile, A. E.
|
An
unusual type of interlaminar
breakdown found in an electrical machine. Sixth
International Conference on 'Gas Discharges and their
Applications' Heriot-Watt University:
8-11 September 1980.
Abstract: The
stator cores of large electrical machinews are made up of segmented
laminations separated by layers of varnish to minimise eddy currents
and core losses. From time to time the insulation is subjected to
appreciable voltage stress, e.g. during start up of an induction motor
or during system disturbances for a generator. These stresses are
highest nearest the ends of the core where leakage fluxes are highest.
A localised breakdown of insulation between two adjacent layers of
laminations may then occur and, if this becomes permanent, it
will cause increased eddy currents and higher losses at the
breakdown site. Hence insulation quality is important in machines and
thus understanding of the mechanism of interlaminar breakdown is
necessary. However, because of the number of laminations in a machine,
direct monitoring of interlaminar voltages is difficult. Some progress
has been made recently by laser welding interlaminar probes on a 500 MW
machine and a 120 MW machine, but the main sources of information still
remains the detailed examination of individual laminations on machines.
It was during such an examination that examples of interlaminar
breakdown were found which differed from any previously known to the
authors, and this paper reports the unusual features with a view to
stimulating discussion. A description of a 'meandering' interlaminar
breakdown follows. See also Le Ny, Guile
& Anderson
|
Anderson,
A. F.
|
Sparks from Steam : The story of the
Armstrong
hydroelectric generator. Electronics and Power January
1978 pp
50 - 53.
Abstract: The
mysterious explosion of three large oil tankers in 1969 would not
appear to have connection with the peculiar happenings in an isolated
Northumberland Colliery in 1940. However, there might have been
no explosions had the dangers of the electrification of wet steam and
high pressure water been better appreciated by those responsible for
the cleaning out of large oil tanks. A description of the
investigation carried out at Seghill Colliery in the autumn of 1840 by
William Armstrong, later Lord Armstrong into static electrical
discharge resulting from a steam leak in a stationery boiler. A
description of Armstrong's "hydro-electric" generator follows , of
which multi-jet versions were built, one for the London
Polytechnic Institution and one for export to the USA.
Other effects of the electrification of steam are described. Download PDF file
|
| Anderson,
A. F. |
Unusual Electric Machines. Electronics
and Power 14 November 1974 pp 979 - 983 [ based on a lecture given
to the IEE North Eastern Graduate and Student Section 29th April 1974] |
| Anderson,
A. F. |
Some early experiments in applied
electromagnetism : Robert Davidson - Electromagnetician
Extraordinary - Pioneer of
Electric Traction. Lecture to the Royal Scottish Society of Arts 10
March
1975 [ Also presented at IEE History of Electrical Engineering
Conference
1975] |
Appleton,
A.D.,
Anderson, A.
F.,
Ross, J. S. H. |
A
discussion on large
superconducting A.C. Generators Paper A 3 pages 1 - 12.
Date & Place unknown |
Appleton,
A. D.,
Anderson A. F. |
A review of the critical aspects of
superconducting generators. Paper M-2 Applied Superconductivity
Conference Annapolis
1972.
Abstract: This
paper reviews the development of
superconducting generators
undertaken by IRD on behalf of C.A. Parsons and Company Ltd. An outline design of a machine concept is
presented with a discussion of the more critical development problems. An account is given of the
manner in which performance is influenced by machine geometry, in
particular
by inter-winding coupling factors on substransient reactance. The
principal
mechanisms causing machine losses are reviewed and the techniques used
for
their prediction and minimisation are outlined.
PDF File available 2.2 Mb.
|
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Anderson, A.
F.,
Menzies, R. W. |
Stability of reluctance motors from
freely accelerating torque speed curves Transactions Paper T 72
049-0 IEEE Winter Meeting NY Jan 30-Feb 4 1972.
Abstract: The
limits of stability in reluctance machines are known to be narrow,
especially in machines of improved design with high reactance ratio.
These stability limits can usefully be investigated with the aid of
computed and measured freely accelerating torque speed curves. The
machine equations are developed using a frame of reference fixed with
respect to the rotor. Machine performance is then simulated on an
analogue computer. A large number of freely accelerating torque speed
curves are then generated for different values of machine parameters.
The model is designed to cope simply with different motors and is based
on a per unit system. All parameters can be simply varied, so that
their effect on performance can be demonstrated. The torque speed
curves that result can be said to be characteristic of a machine with
given parameters and contain information about starting torque,
transient torque dips, synchronisation ability and stability.
Since changes in parameters cause marked changes in shape of the freely
accelerating torque speed curve, it is possible, bu matching the
results obtained from a practical test with those from a computer
study, to determine where the total performance of the machine lies
with respect to the optimum and to decide what changes are necessary to
improve design. Download PDF File
IEEE Abstract
|
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Anderson, A.
F.,
Menzies, R. W. |
Theory and performance of reluctance
motors with axially laminated anisotropic rotors. Proc IEE, Vol
118, No 7, July 1971 pp 887 - 894
Abstract: A
theoretical and practical study is given of reluctance motors
having rotors constructed from axially anisotropic cores, as proposed
in an earlier paper. The experimental work has led to the development
of a practical motor of high performance, capable of a large maximum
output without detriment to overall performance or stability. In
addition, the broad field of reluctance motors and their features are
reviewed, and an attempt is made to integrate developments. A full
bibliography is provided. [53 references from 1923 to 1970]
Download PDF File
|
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Anderson, A.
F. |
Stability of Reluctance Machines.
[Contribution to discussion of paper by Lawrenson, Bowes and Mathur
Proc IEE, 1971 118
(6), pp. 777-783] Proc IEE, Vol 118, No 9, September 1971 pp 1289-1290 |
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Anderson, A.
F. |
Axially-laminated reluctance
synchronous motors. Proceedings of EM70 conference, University of
Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, paper 40, pp 40-1 to 40-4. |
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Anderson, A.
F. |
Transient Performance of Reluctance
Synchronous Motors. Proceedings Fifth Universities Power
Engineering Conference, Swansea,
January 1970 |
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Anderson, A.
F. |
Contribution to discussion of papers
5248 P, 5270P and 5540P on Reluctance Motors. Proc IEE, Vol 115, No
9, September 1968 page 1285 |
| Anderson,
A. F. |
A New Type of Reluctance Motor.
IEE Students' Quarterly Journal September 1968 pages 19 - 24 |
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Anderson, A.
F.,
Menzies
R.W. |
A New Development in Reluctance
Motors. St Andrews University Engineers Year Book 1966 pages
21-26 |
Cruickshank,
A. J. O.,
Menzies
R.W.,
Anderson, A. F. |
Axially Laminated Anisotropic Rotors
for reluctance Motors. Proc. IEE, Vol 113, No 12, December 1966
pages 2058 - 2060
Abstract: An
interim report is given on work on reluctance motors presently being
carried out in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
St Andrews, Queen's College, Dundee. A description is given of a new
type of rotor, in which strip-wound axial laminations of magnetically
anisotropic material replace conventional rotor stampings. 10
references 1923-1966.
|
Anderson,
A.F.,
Cruickshank,
A.J.O. |
Development of the reluctance motor.
Electronics and Power, 1966, 12, p 48 |
|